Magnesium is an essential mineral that supports over 600 enzymatic processes in the body. It is crucial for brain function, heart health, muscle performance, and more. Yet, despite its importance, studies reveal that up to 60% of Americans fail to meet their daily magnesium needs. This shortfall is primarily due to modern agricultural practices, decreased soil quality, and diets heavy in processed foods [1, 2].
At Atempo Naturals, we offer Magnesium Citrate and Magnesium Glycinate supplements, free from fillers, to help you close the magnesium gap and enjoy a healthier life. Read on to discover the many benefits of magnesium and learn how to choose the right supplement for your needs.
Magnesium plays a vital role in several bodily functions, and its benefits extend to many aspects of health. Here’s why it’s essential to maintain healthy magnesium levels:
Magnesium citrate is known for its ability to provide gentle relief from constipation. It works as a natural laxative by drawing water into the intestines. Research from NHANES shows that higher magnesium intake significantly reduces constipation risk, particularly in men [3].
Magnesium supports healthy muscle contractions and can reduce cramps. Its benefits include:
Magnesium glycinate and magnesium citrate both play critical roles in regulating blood sugar and improving insulin sensitivity:
Magnesium offers benefits that go beyond digestion and muscle function. It is an essential mineral for the heart, brain, and bones.
Magnesium supports a healthy heart and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Magnesium glycinate is especially helpful for mental health and mood regulation. Clinical studies show it can:
Magnesium supports bone health by improving bone mineral density and reducing the risk of fractures, especially in menopausal women. Studies consistently link magnesium deficiency to osteoporosis [19].
Both magnesium citrate and magnesium glycinate are excellent choices, but each offers unique benefits.
Magnesium citrate is highly effective for improving digestion and cardiovascular health:
Why Choose Atempo Naturals?
Our magnesium citrate delivers 400 mg per dose to provide benefits without the intense laxative effects associated with higher doses.
Magnesium glycinate is gentle on the stomach and promotes relaxation, making it ideal for mood and mental health support:
Best For: Individuals seeking a magnesium supplement that supports mood, relaxation, and better sleep.
At Atempo Naturals, we take pride in providing pure, high-quality magnesium supplements. Here’s what sets us apart:
For a full list of references, see the bibliography below.
Magnesium is essential for countless functions in your body, from muscle performance and mental clarity to heart health and bone strength. Whether you prefer Magnesium Citrate for digestion and metabolism or Magnesium Glycinate for mood and relaxation, Atempo Naturals has you covered.
Start your journey to better health today—because your well-being deserves the best.
[1] D. Kappeler et al., “Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study,” BMC Nutr., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 7, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1186/s40795-016-0121-3. Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-016-0121-3.
[2] J. H. F. de Baaij, J. G. J. Hoenderop, and R. J. M. Bindels, “Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease,” Physiol. Rev., vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 1–46, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2014. Available: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00012.2014.
[3] L. Zhang, Z. Du, Z. Li, F. Yu, and L. Li, “Association of dietary magnesium intake with chronic constipation among US adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,” Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 6634–6641, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2611. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8645769/.
[4] L. J. Dominguez et al., “Magnesium and muscle performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 419–426, Aug. 2006, Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669297/.
[5] D. A. Santos et al., “Magnesium intake is associated with strength performance in elite basketball, handball and volleyball players,” Magnes. Res., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 215–219, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2011.0290
[6] C. N. Matias et al., “Magnesium and strength in elite judo athletes according to intracellular water changes,” Magnes. Res., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 138–141, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0217
[7] S. R. Garrison, G. M. Allan, R. K. Sekhon, V. M. Musini, and K. M. Khan, “Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps,” Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., vol. 2012, no. 9, p. CD009402, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub2. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025716/.
[8] L. R. Brilla and T. F. Haley, “Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans,” J. Am. Coll. Nutr., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 326–329, Jun. 1992, doi: 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718233
[9] E. W. Finstad, I. J. Newhouse, H. C. Lukaski, J. E. Mcauliffe, and C. R. Stewart, “The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance,” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 493–498, Mar. 2001, doi: 10.1097/00005768-200103000-00024
[10] M. G. Tarsitano et al., “Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review,” J. Transl. Med., vol. 22, no. 1, p. 629, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05434-x
[11] A. Córdova, J. Mielgo-Ayuso, E. Roche, A. Caballero-García, and D. Fernandez-Lázaro, “Impact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 8, p. 1927, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11081927. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723322/.
[12] F. C. Mooren, K. Krüger, K. Völker, S. W. Golf, M. Wadepuhl, and A. Kraus, “Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects – a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial,” Diabetes Obes. Metab., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 281–284, Mar. 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01332.x
[13] W. A. ELDerawi, I. A. Naser, M. H. Taleb, and A. S. Abutair, “The Effects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Response among Type 2 Diabetes Patients,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 44, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu11010044. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356710/.
[14] X. Fang et al., “Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies,” J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. Organ Soc. Miner. Trace Elem. GMS, vol. 38, pp. 64–73, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.014
[15] N. B. Boyle, C. Lawton, and L. Dye, “The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—A Systematic Review,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 429, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.3390/nu9050429. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452159/.
[16] D. Phelan, P. Molero, M. A. Martínez-González, and M. Molendijk, “Magnesium and mood disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis,” BJPsych Open, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 167–179, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1192/bjo.2018.22. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034436/.
[17] M. Moabedi, M. Aliakbari, S. Erfanian, and A. Milajerdi, “Magnesium supplementation beneficially affects depression in adults with depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials,” Front. Psychiatry, vol. 14, p. 1333261, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1333261. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783196/.
[18] N. Veronese, D. Pizzol, L. Smith, L. J. Dominguez, and M. Barbagallo, “Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 679, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/nu14030679. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838086/.
[19] M. Rondanelli et al., “An update on magnesium and bone health,” Biometals, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 715–736, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313472/.
[20] X. Deng et al., “Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III,” BMC Med., vol. 11, p. 187, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-187. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765911/.
[21] V. Patel, N. S. Akimbekov, W. B. Grant, C. Dean, X. Fang, and M. S. Razzaque, “Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive decline,” Front. Endocrinol., vol. 15, p. 1406455, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406455. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461281/.
[22] A. F. Walker, G. Marakis, S. Christie, and M. Byng, “Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study,” Magnes. Res., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 183–191, Sep. 2003.
[23] L. Blancquaert, C. Vervaet, and W. Derave, “Predicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1663, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11071663. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683096/.
[24] K. D. Foord, S. K. Morcos, and P. Ward, “A comparison of mannitol and magnesium citrate preparations for double-contrast barium enema,” Clin. Radiol., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 309–312, May 1983, doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(83)80345-6
[25] C.-C. Chen, W.-W. Ng, F.-Y. Chang, and S.-D. Lee, “Magnesium citrate–bisacodyl regimen proves better than castor oil for colonoscopic preparation,” J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1219–1222, Dec. 1999, doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02032.x. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02032.x.
[26] “Magnesium Citrate,” in Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®), Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2006. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500569/.
[27] Y. Eidensohn et al., “Magnesium Citrate Capsules in Colonoscopy Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Cureus, vol. 13, no. 12, p. e20506, doi: 10.7759/cureus.20506. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765591/.
[28] “Magnesium Citrate, Low Sodium Lemon686.001/686AF.” Available: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a58a14bf-3e49-4216-a8c8-cee53a620c80.
[29] P. J. Joris, J. Plat, S. J. Bakker, and R. P. Mensink, “Long-term magnesium supplementation improves arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 1260–1266, May 2016, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131466
[30] K. Afitska, J. Clavel, K. Kisters, J. Vormann, and T. Werner, “Magnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial,” Magnes. Res., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 130–139, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2021.0489
[31] S. Gorantla, A. Ravisankar, and L. M. Trotti, “Magnesium citrate monotherapy improves restless legs syndrome symptoms and multiple suggested immobilization test scores in an open-label pilot study,” J. Clin. Sleep Med., Aug. 2024, doi: 10.5664/jcsm.11206. Available: https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.11206.
[32] F. H. Nielsen, L. K. Johnson, and H. Zeng, “Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep,” Magnes. Res., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 158–168, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0220
[33] M. M. Cheung et al., “The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial,” Nutr. Burbank Los Angel. Cty. Calif, vol. 99–100, p. 111674, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111674
[34] G. A. Eby and K. L. Eby, “Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment,” Med. Hypotheses, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 362–370, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.047
Atempo Natural’s Magnesium Citrate is a premium supplement that supports hydration, digestion, and overall wellness. Unlike other magnesium supplements, our formula is clean and free from fillers, ensuring you get only the nutrients your body needs. With its highly absorbable form, Magnesium Citrate works effectively to help you maintain electrolyte balance, improve mood, and reduce stress. Whether you need gentle digestive relief or enhanced recovery after exercise, this supplement has you covered.
Magnesium plays a vital role in balancing electrolytes, which are essential for proper hydration. Without enough magnesium, your cells struggle to retain water, leading to dehydration and fatigue. However, with Magnesium Citrate, your body efficiently restores this balance, helping you stay hydrated and energized throughout the day.
When occasional constipation disrupts your comfort, Magnesium Citrate offers a gentle yet effective solution. By drawing water into your intestines, it softens stool and promotes natural bowel movements. In fact, studies show it often works within 30 minutes to 3 hours, providing relief when you need it most. Moreover, this gentle action avoids the harsh effects of stronger laxatives.
After physical activity, your muscles need support to recover and relax. Magnesium Citrate plays a critical role in this process by helping your muscles contract and release properly. As a result, it not only reduces soreness but also improves flexibility and overall performance. Furthermore, it supports active lifestyles by aiding recovery and promoting long-term muscle health.
Managing blood sugar levels is vital for maintaining overall health. Magnesium helps regulate insulin sensitivity, ensuring your body uses glucose effectively. This, in turn, reduces blood sugar spikes and supports metabolic balance. Adding Magnesium Citrate to your routine makes it easier to maintain stable energy levels throughout the day.
Magnesium is often called the “relaxation mineral” for a good reason. Low levels of magnesium have been linked to mood issues, including depression and irritability. Supplementing with Magnesium Citrate helps restore balance, lifting your mood and providing a sense of calm. Over time, it promotes better emotional health, helping you feel more at ease and positive.
Stress and anxiety take a toll on both the mind and body. Fortunately, Magnesium Citrate helps calm your nervous system, making it easier to relax and manage stress. By supporting the production of calming neurotransmitters, it reduces feelings of tension and promotes mental clarity. Moreover, its calming properties work without causing drowsiness, allowing you to stay focused.
At Atempo Natural, we prioritize purity and effectiveness. Our Magnesium Citrate supplement contains only high-quality magnesium in its citrate form. This ensures superior absorption and avoids the unnecessary additives found in other brands. Furthermore, its gentle yet effective formula works harmoniously with your body, helping you achieve better health naturally.
Extensive research highlights the powerful benefits of Magnesium Citrate and its role in promoting overall well-being:
Atempo Natural’s Magnesium Citrate is a premium supplement that supports hydration, digestion, and overall wellness. Unlike other magnesium supplements, our formula is clean and free from fillers, ensuring you get only the nutrients your body needs. With its highly absorbable form, Magnesium Citrate works effectively to help you maintain electrolyte balance, improve mood, and reduce stress. Whether you need gentle digestive relief or enhanced recovery after exercise, this supplement has you covered.
Magnesium plays a vital role in balancing electrolytes, which are essential for proper hydration. Without enough magnesium, your cells struggle to retain water, leading to dehydration and fatigue. However, with Magnesium Citrate, your body efficiently restores this balance, helping you stay hydrated and energized throughout the day.
When occasional constipation disrupts your comfort, Magnesium Citrate offers a gentle yet effective solution. By drawing water into your intestines, it softens stool and promotes natural bowel movements. In fact, studies show it often works within 30 minutes to 3 hours, providing relief when you need it most. Moreover, this gentle action avoids the harsh effects of stronger laxatives.
After physical activity, your muscles need support to recover and relax. Magnesium Citrate plays a critical role in this process by helping your muscles contract and release properly. As a result, it not only reduces soreness but also improves flexibility and overall performance. Furthermore, it supports active lifestyles by aiding recovery and promoting long-term muscle health.
Managing blood sugar levels is vital for maintaining overall health. Magnesium helps regulate insulin sensitivity, ensuring your body uses glucose effectively. This, in turn, reduces blood sugar spikes and supports metabolic balance. Adding Magnesium Citrate to your routine makes it easier to maintain stable energy levels throughout the day.
Magnesium is often called the “relaxation mineral” for a good reason. Low levels of magnesium have been linked to mood issues, including depression and irritability. Supplementing with Magnesium Citrate helps restore balance, lifting your mood and providing a sense of calm. Over time, it promotes better emotional health, helping you feel more at ease and positive.
Stress and anxiety take a toll on both the mind and body. Fortunately, Magnesium Citrate helps calm your nervous system, making it easier to relax and manage stress. By supporting the production of calming neurotransmitters, it reduces feelings of tension and promotes mental clarity. Moreover, its calming properties work without causing drowsiness, allowing you to stay focused.
Extensive research highlights the powerful benefits of Magnesium Citrate and its role in promoting overall well-being:
[1] D. Kappeler et al., “Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study,” BMC Nutr., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 7, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1186/s40795-016-0121-3. Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-016-0121-3.
[2] J. H. F. de Baaij, J. G. J. Hoenderop, and R. J. M. Bindels, “Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease,” Physiol. Rev., vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 1–46, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2014. Available: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00012.2014.
[3] L. Zhang, Z. Du, Z. Li, F. Yu, and L. Li, “Association of dietary magnesium intake with chronic constipation among US adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,” Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 6634–6641, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2611. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8645769/.
[4] L. J. Dominguez et al., “Magnesium and muscle performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 419–426, Aug. 2006, Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669297/.
[5] D. A. Santos et al., “Magnesium intake is associated with strength performance in elite basketball, handball and volleyball players,” Magnes. Res., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 215–219, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2011.0290
[6] C. N. Matias et al., “Magnesium and strength in elite judo athletes according to intracellular water changes,” Magnes. Res., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 138–141, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0217
[7] S. R. Garrison, G. M. Allan, R. K. Sekhon, V. M. Musini, and K. M. Khan, “Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps,” Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., vol. 2012, no. 9, p. CD009402, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub2. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025716/.
[8] L. R. Brilla and T. F. Haley, “Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans,” J. Am. Coll. Nutr., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 326–329, Jun. 1992, doi: 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718233
[9] E. W. Finstad, I. J. Newhouse, H. C. Lukaski, J. E. Mcauliffe, and C. R. Stewart, “The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance,” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 493–498, Mar. 2001, doi: 10.1097/00005768-200103000-00024
[10] M. G. Tarsitano et al., “Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review,” J. Transl. Med., vol. 22, no. 1, p. 629, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05434-x
[11] A. Córdova, J. Mielgo-Ayuso, E. Roche, A. Caballero-García, and D. Fernandez-Lázaro, “Impact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 8, p. 1927, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11081927. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723322/.
[12] F. C. Mooren, K. Krüger, K. Völker, S. W. Golf, M. Wadepuhl, and A. Kraus, “Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects – a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial,” Diabetes Obes. Metab., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 281–284, Mar. 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01332.x
[13] W. A. ELDerawi, I. A. Naser, M. H. Taleb, and A. S. Abutair, “The Effects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Response among Type 2 Diabetes Patients,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 44, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu11010044. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356710/.
[14] X. Fang et al., “Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies,” J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. Organ Soc. Miner. Trace Elem. GMS, vol. 38, pp. 64–73, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.014
[15] N. B. Boyle, C. Lawton, and L. Dye, “The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—A Systematic Review,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 429, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.3390/nu9050429. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452159/.
[16] D. Phelan, P. Molero, M. A. Martínez-González, and M. Molendijk, “Magnesium and mood disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis,” BJPsych Open, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 167–179, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1192/bjo.2018.22. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034436/.
[17] M. Moabedi, M. Aliakbari, S. Erfanian, and A. Milajerdi, “Magnesium supplementation beneficially affects depression in adults with depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials,” Front. Psychiatry, vol. 14, p. 1333261, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1333261. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783196/.
[18] N. Veronese, D. Pizzol, L. Smith, L. J. Dominguez, and M. Barbagallo, “Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 679, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/nu14030679. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838086/.
[19] M. Rondanelli et al., “An update on magnesium and bone health,” Biometals, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 715–736, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313472/.
[20] X. Deng et al., “Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III,” BMC Med., vol. 11, p. 187, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-187. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765911/.
[21] V. Patel, N. S. Akimbekov, W. B. Grant, C. Dean, X. Fang, and M. S. Razzaque, “Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive decline,” Front. Endocrinol., vol. 15, p. 1406455, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406455. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461281/.
[22] A. F. Walker, G. Marakis, S. Christie, and M. Byng, “Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study,” Magnes. Res., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 183–191, Sep. 2003.
[23] L. Blancquaert, C. Vervaet, and W. Derave, “Predicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1663, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11071663. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683096/.
[24] K. D. Foord, S. K. Morcos, and P. Ward, “A comparison of mannitol and magnesium citrate preparations for double-contrast barium enema,” Clin. Radiol., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 309–312, May 1983, doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(83)80345-6
[25] C.-C. Chen, W.-W. Ng, F.-Y. Chang, and S.-D. Lee, “Magnesium citrate–bisacodyl regimen proves better than castor oil for colonoscopic preparation,” J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1219–1222, Dec. 1999, doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02032.x. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02032.x.
[26] “Magnesium Citrate,” in Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®), Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2006. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500569/.
[27] Y. Eidensohn et al., “Magnesium Citrate Capsules in Colonoscopy Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Cureus, vol. 13, no. 12, p. e20506, doi: 10.7759/cureus.20506. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765591/.
[28] “Magnesium Citrate, Low Sodium Lemon686.001/686AF.” Available: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a58a14bf-3e49-4216-a8c8-cee53a620c80.
[29] P. J. Joris, J. Plat, S. J. Bakker, and R. P. Mensink, “Long-term magnesium supplementation improves arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 1260–1266, May 2016, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131466
[30] K. Afitska, J. Clavel, K. Kisters, J. Vormann, and T. Werner, “Magnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial,” Magnes. Res., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 130–139, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2021.0489
[31] S. Gorantla, A. Ravisankar, and L. M. Trotti, “Magnesium citrate monotherapy improves restless legs syndrome symptoms and multiple suggested immobilization test scores in an open-label pilot study,” J. Clin. Sleep Med., Aug. 2024, doi: 10.5664/jcsm.11206. Available: https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.11206.
[32] F. H. Nielsen, L. K. Johnson, and H. Zeng, “Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep,” Magnes. Res., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 158–168, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0220
[33] M. M. Cheung et al., “The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial,” Nutr. Burbank Los Angel. Cty. Calif, vol. 99–100, p. 111674, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111674
[34] G. A. Eby and K. L. Eby, “Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment,” Med. Hypotheses, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 362–370, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.047
Extensive research highlights the powerful benefits of Magnesium Citrate and its role in promoting overall well-being:
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[2] J. H. F. de Baaij, J. G. J. Hoenderop, and R. J. M. Bindels, “Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease,” Physiol. Rev., vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 1–46, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2014. Available: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00012.2014.
[3] L. Zhang, Z. Du, Z. Li, F. Yu, and L. Li, “Association of dietary magnesium intake with chronic constipation among US adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,” Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 6634–6641, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2611. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8645769/.
[4] L. J. Dominguez et al., “Magnesium and muscle performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 419–426, Aug. 2006, Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669297/.
[5] D. A. Santos et al., “Magnesium intake is associated with strength performance in elite basketball, handball and volleyball players,” Magnes. Res., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 215–219, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2011.0290
[6] C. N. Matias et al., “Magnesium and strength in elite judo athletes according to intracellular water changes,” Magnes. Res., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 138–141, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0217
[7] S. R. Garrison, G. M. Allan, R. K. Sekhon, V. M. Musini, and K. M. Khan, “Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps,” Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., vol. 2012, no. 9, p. CD009402, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub2. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025716/.
[8] L. R. Brilla and T. F. Haley, “Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans,” J. Am. Coll. Nutr., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 326–329, Jun. 1992, doi: 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718233
[9] E. W. Finstad, I. J. Newhouse, H. C. Lukaski, J. E. Mcauliffe, and C. R. Stewart, “The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance,” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 493–498, Mar. 2001, doi: 10.1097/00005768-200103000-00024
[10] M. G. Tarsitano et al., “Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review,” J. Transl. Med., vol. 22, no. 1, p. 629, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05434-x
[11] A. Córdova, J. Mielgo-Ayuso, E. Roche, A. Caballero-García, and D. Fernandez-Lázaro, “Impact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 8, p. 1927, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11081927. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723322/.
[12] F. C. Mooren, K. Krüger, K. Völker, S. W. Golf, M. Wadepuhl, and A. Kraus, “Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects – a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial,” Diabetes Obes. Metab., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 281–284, Mar. 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01332.x
[13] W. A. ELDerawi, I. A. Naser, M. H. Taleb, and A. S. Abutair, “The Effects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Response among Type 2 Diabetes Patients,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 44, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu11010044. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356710/.
[14] X. Fang et al., “Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies,” J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. Organ Soc. Miner. Trace Elem. GMS, vol. 38, pp. 64–73, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.014
[15] N. B. Boyle, C. Lawton, and L. Dye, “The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—A Systematic Review,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 429, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.3390/nu9050429. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452159/.
[16] D. Phelan, P. Molero, M. A. Martínez-González, and M. Molendijk, “Magnesium and mood disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis,” BJPsych Open, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 167–179, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1192/bjo.2018.22. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034436/.
[17] M. Moabedi, M. Aliakbari, S. Erfanian, and A. Milajerdi, “Magnesium supplementation beneficially affects depression in adults with depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials,” Front. Psychiatry, vol. 14, p. 1333261, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1333261. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783196/.
[18] N. Veronese, D. Pizzol, L. Smith, L. J. Dominguez, and M. Barbagallo, “Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 679, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/nu14030679. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838086/.
[19] M. Rondanelli et al., “An update on magnesium and bone health,” Biometals, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 715–736, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313472/.
[20] X. Deng et al., “Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III,” BMC Med., vol. 11, p. 187, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-187. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765911/.
[21] V. Patel, N. S. Akimbekov, W. B. Grant, C. Dean, X. Fang, and M. S. Razzaque, “Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive decline,” Front. Endocrinol., vol. 15, p. 1406455, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406455. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461281/.
[22] A. F. Walker, G. Marakis, S. Christie, and M. Byng, “Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study,” Magnes. Res., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 183–191, Sep. 2003.
[23] L. Blancquaert, C. Vervaet, and W. Derave, “Predicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1663, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11071663. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683096/.
[24] K. D. Foord, S. K. Morcos, and P. Ward, “A comparison of mannitol and magnesium citrate preparations for double-contrast barium enema,” Clin. Radiol., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 309–312, May 1983, doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(83)80345-6
[25] C.-C. Chen, W.-W. Ng, F.-Y. Chang, and S.-D. Lee, “Magnesium citrate–bisacodyl regimen proves better than castor oil for colonoscopic preparation,” J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1219–1222, Dec. 1999, doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02032.x. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02032.x.
[26] “Magnesium Citrate,” in Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®), Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2006. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500569/.
[27] Y. Eidensohn et al., “Magnesium Citrate Capsules in Colonoscopy Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Cureus, vol. 13, no. 12, p. e20506, doi: 10.7759/cureus.20506. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765591/.
[28] “Magnesium Citrate, Low Sodium Lemon686.001/686AF.” Available: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a58a14bf-3e49-4216-a8c8-cee53a620c80.
[29] P. J. Joris, J. Plat, S. J. Bakker, and R. P. Mensink, “Long-term magnesium supplementation improves arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 1260–1266, May 2016, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131466
[30] K. Afitska, J. Clavel, K. Kisters, J. Vormann, and T. Werner, “Magnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial,” Magnes. Res., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 130–139, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2021.0489
[31] S. Gorantla, A. Ravisankar, and L. M. Trotti, “Magnesium citrate monotherapy improves restless legs syndrome symptoms and multiple suggested immobilization test scores in an open-label pilot study,” J. Clin. Sleep Med., Aug. 2024, doi: 10.5664/jcsm.11206. Available: https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.11206.
[32] F. H. Nielsen, L. K. Johnson, and H. Zeng, “Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep,” Magnes. Res., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 158–168, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1684/mrh.2010.0220
[33] M. M. Cheung et al., “The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial,” Nutr. Burbank Los Angel. Cty. Calif, vol. 99–100, p. 111674, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111674
[34] G. A. Eby and K. L. Eby, “Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment,” Med. Hypotheses, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 362–370, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.047